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AN ANALYSIS SOME FACTORS THAT EFFECT EMPLOYMENT PARTICIPATION
(A Theoritical Analysis)

Anak Agung Sagung Kartika Dewi
Jurusan Manajemen
Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar


ABSTRACT
Various development results are frequently as something brand new, an innovation is something weird and unknown formerly or misunderstanding about its benefit; that’s why to prevent those happened, the participation of the community or member is highly required. There are many evidence indicate that the participation is succeed to be applied in many job sectors; the employment in the company can also be participated in making decision technically, operationally, and strategically.
When the employment in an organization does not have high participation in their jobs, so then surely this organization will be stagnated to keep its life continuously. On contrary, as the members can show their high participation, they will be tended to show their loyality; this will remain them as organization member. On the other hand, the participation can give benefit to employment and organization; the employment is also being advantaged by wide relationship happened with another employment, such as: increasing their experiences, leadership, and responsibility’s behavior with the process of “learning by doing”.
Therefore, the participation is important to be applied in every organization, and also
necessary to pay attention on the understanding toward factors that influence it, such as: biography characteristic, personality, perception, value and behavior, motivation, learning process, and employment ability. As the participation will be created 2 ways-communications; it is where the information flows from top to lower and from lower to the top position. Because of employment participation, there will be mutual relationship between employment and organization that are able to be strengthening and giving advantage for organization and employment.
Key words : loyalty, participation, and employment

ABSTRAK
Berbagai hasil pembangunan tidak jarang merupakan sesuatu yang baru, suatu inovasi, sesuatu yang aneh dan sebelumnya tidak diketahui atau tidak dipahami manfaatnya. Untuk
menghindari hal tersebut sangat diperlukan peran serta atau partisipasi masyarakat atau anggota. Banyak sekali bukti yang menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi berhasil diterapkan dalam berbagai jenis pekerjaan. Artinya para karyawan dalam perusahaan dapat dilibatkan dalam pengambilan keputusan teknis, operasional, dan strategis.
Jika karyawan dalam sebuah organisasi tidak memiliki partisipasi yang tinggi dalam pekerjaannya, niscaya organisasi akan tersendat-sendat dalam menjaga kelangsungan hidupnya. Semakin aktif/tinggi partisipasi anggota semakin tinggi kecenderungan mereka menunjukkan loyalitas. Hal ini akan mengakibatkan para anggota tetap setia tinggal sebagai anggota organisasi. Ringkasnya, partisipasi menguntungkan karyawan dan organisasi. Karyawan diuntungkan dari hubungan-hubungan yang lebih luas dengan karyawan yang lain, seperti dapat meningkatkan pengalaman, kepemimpinan, dan pertanggungjawaban melalui proses learning by doing. Sehubungan dengan itu, partisipasi penting diterapkan pada setiap organisasi. Di samping itu, pemahaman terhadap faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya seperti karakteristik riwayat hidup, kepribadian, persepsi, nilai dan sikap, motivasi, proses belajar, dan kemampuan karyawan perlu diperhatikan. Hal itu penting karena melalui partisipasi tercipta komunikasi dua arah, yaitu informasi mengalir dari atas ke bawah dan dari bawah ke atas. Karena partisipasi karyawan, di situ terjadi hubungan timbal balik antara karyawan dan organisasi yang memperkuat dan menguntungkan organisasi dan karyawan.
Kata kunci : loyalitas, partisipasi, dan karyawan
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